Effect of crowding stress on lung and heart of the adult albino rats and the possible protective role of sulpiride

Exposure to crowding stress is associated with increased respiratory system morbidity, However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Thus, there is a need for more study of this harmful effect. Sulpiride had been shown to have a protective role against crowding stress on other systems but this role was not studied well on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Investigating the possible harmful effects of crowding on adult albino rats' lung and heart and the possible protective role of combined sulpiride treatment. The present study was carried out on 24 adult albino rats of local strain weighing 120 +/- 3 g which were randomly divided equally into Group 1[C, untreated negative control], Group 2 [Cr, crowding exposed or positive control] where rats were exposed to crowding in a cage [20x20x20 cm- 6 rats /cage] for 1 month, Group 3[D, sulpiride-treated] where the rats were exposed to sulpiride "0.028 mg/B.W./day" and Group 4 [Cr+D, crowding + sulpiride-treated]. Paraffin sections were prepared for histological, histochemical and morphometric studies. The data were statistically analysed. The rats exposed to crowding only or sulpiride only showed highly significant damaging changes on lung such as thickening in the interalveolar septa and obliteration of the alveoli, inflammatory cells infiltration within the pulmonary interstitium, peribronchiolar infiltration and fibrosis, thickening of the pulmonary blood vessels walls, interstitial collagen fibres deposition and apoptotic cellular changes. On the level of heart, significant decrease in the diameters of the myocardial muscle fibres with focal areas of necrosis, apoptotic changes and increased collagen fibres deposition was marked in sulpiride group. When crowding and sulpiride treatments were combined, the damaging effects were maximized on the lung and heart. These results provided evidence that crowding stress causes obvious lung and heart tissue damages. No protective role for sulpiride was proofed. This is because using sulpiride alone or in combination with crowding showed marked damaging effects on the lung and heart tissues

Effect of famciclovir on the testes, sperms and chromosomes of albino rates; histological and cytogenetic study

Famciclovir is a widely used antiviral drug it has a potent and selective inhibitory effect on many human herpes viruses. Some side effects to the drug were reported by the Food and Drug Administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological effect of maximum therapeutic dose of famciclovir, antiviral drug, on the testes, sperms and chromosomes of albino rats. Forty male albino rats have been divided into four groups, ten rats for each. The first was served as a control group; the second was treated for 2 weeks with 135 mg/ kg b. w.t./ day. The third was treated for 4 weeks with the same dose; and the forth group was served as recovery group, where the animals were examined 4 weeks after stopping the drug. Rats were decapitate and testes specimens were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The sperms were examined for number, viability, motility and shape abnormalities. For chromosomal study, rats from each group were anaesthetized and the bone marrow cells were obtained by Rabello-Gay and Ahmed method. Microscopic examination of the testicular specimens, revealed, disorganized germinal epithelium with abnormal mitotic figures and apoptotic cells. Sperm analysis showed that sperm count, viability and motility were decreased and the sperm anomalies were increased. Chromosomal analysis of bone marrow cells showed many aberrations as chromosomal fragments, terminal chromatid deletions, ring chromosomes, chromosomal gaps, dicentric chromosomes, clumping of the chromosomes and polyploidy. All the former results were time dependent and reversible. The maximum therapeutic dose of famciclovir affect spermatogenesis and alter normal sperm parameters. There were also chromosomal aberrations which are time dependent and reversible. So it is preferred to avoid the maximum therapeutic dose and prolonged intake of the drug

Cytogenetic study in couples with recurrent miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage [RM] is a mysterious reproductive problem affecting a proportion of couples trying to conceive. Although spontaneous abortion occurs in approximately 15 to 20% of clinically diagnosed pregnancies of reproductive-aged women, recurrent miscarriage occurs in approximately 1 to 2% of these women. Many syndromes are involved in the aetiology of RM, where genetic factors appear to be highly associated. Indeed, chromosomal anomaly constitutes the single most common cause. About 7% of couples with RM have one partner with balanced chromosomal rearrangement. This study is a prospective study carried out to evaluate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in couples suffering recurrent miscarriage. The present study included one hundred couples attending the antenatal clinic. They have been divided into two groups; the first, is a study group, included 50 couples with recurrent miscarriage. And the second, is a control group, included 50 couples with normal reproductive history. Conventional cytogenetic analysis was done for both groups. We have found four cases [8%] carrying chromosomal rearrangements [two reciprocal translocations, one Robertsonian translocation, and one with duplicated chromosome segment] among RM group, and no cases of chromosomal rearrangement among those with normal reproductive history. Statistically, there was a significant association between recurrent miscarriage and chromosomal rearrangement. We have concluded that chromosome analysis is highly important to evaluate such cases with RM

Histological study of the influence of bioactive glass on bone healing [an experimental study on rat femur]

The objective is to study the histological influence of the bioactive glass on bone healing in surgically created holes in rat's femur. The two wall holes were made in the right femurs by 2-mm drill, filled with bioactive glass in the examined rats. Another two wall holes were made similarly in the right femurs of other group of rats without filling with bioactive glass and used as the control group. Animals were regularly examined over a period of five weeks for bone healing. Histological examination of both control and treated sites showed newly formed bone. The newly formed ostoid tissue was significantly increased in the treated holes in the form of foci of newly formed bone around and within the glass particles. In the control group, the junctional epithelium migrated up to the base of the hole. The treated animals with bioactive glass had better healing than control. The bioactive glass particles have osteo-conductive property as well as osteo-stimulatory capacity. The graft material showed a promising inhibition of greater cementum deposition in the bone holes. We can use it in Osteosurgery as it can promote bone healing